[134] Social historian Brian Carso notes that, as the 19th century progressed, the story of Arnold's betrayal was portrayed with near-mythical proportions as a part of the national history. On May 9, Franklin introduced Stansbury to Major Andr, who had just been named the British spy chief. It described a boy who stole eggs from birds' nests, pulled wings off insects, and engaged in other sorts of wanton cruelty, who then grew up to become a traitor to his country. [43], Arnold arrived in Schuyler's camp at Fort Edward, New York, on July 24. Answer (1 of 2): In the United States, Benedict Arnold has the dubious distinction of being one of the primary figures responsible for the Revolutionary War's losing cause. 3. Later Arnold revealed to the British that he expected to receive the command of American forces at West Point, New York, and agreed to surrender that garrison to them for 20,000. For several years before he . [106] This activity brought out Virginia's militia led by Colonel Sampson Mathews, and Arnold eventually retreated to Portsmouth to be reinforced or to evacuate. Peggy came from a loyalist family in Philadelphia; she had many ties to the British. "[115], In 1785, Arnold and his son Richard moved to Saint John, New Brunswick, where they speculated in land and established a business doing trade with the West Indies. His father was a successful businessman and young Arnold was educated in private schools. Benedict Arnold was born to a prominent businessman in Norwich, Connecticut, on January 14, 1741. [27] Their son Benedict was born the following year[28] and was followed by brothers Richard in 1769 and Henry in 1772. [132], Talleyrand continued, "I must confess that I felt much pity for him, for which political puritans will perhaps blame me, but with which I do not reproach myself, for I witnessed his agony". Upon the outbreak of hostilities at Lexington, Massachusetts (April 1775), Arnold volunteered for service and participated with Ethan Allen in the successful colonial attack on British-held Fort Ticonderoga, New York, the following month. As a young man, Arnold. [6] In December 1780, he led a force of 1,600 troops into Virginia under orders from Clinton, where he captured Richmond by surprise and then went on a rampage through Virginia, destroying supply houses, foundries, and mills. Jameson reluctantly recalled the lieutenant who had been delivering Andr into Arnold's custody, but he then sent the same lieutenant as a messenger to notify Arnold of Andr's arrest. Arnold never received all of the 20,000 pounds he was promised by the British for becoming a traitor. [74] Furthermore, revolutionary mobs were scouring Philadelphia for Loyalists, and Arnold and the Shippen family were being threatened. Among others, he shared the name with his father and. Washington was one of the few who genuinely liked and admired him, but Arnold thought that Washington had betrayed him. [79], Shortly after Washington's rebuke, a Congressional inquiry into Arnold's expenditures concluded that he had failed to account fully for his expenditures incurred during the Quebec invasion, and that he owed the Congress some 1,000,[b] largely because he was unable to document them. He arrived before Quebec City in November, after a difficult passage in which 300 men turned back and another 200 died en route. In exchange for cash and a commission in the British army, Major General Arnold promised to betray his cause and hand over the American fort at West Point. . Brown was particularly vicious, publishing a handbill which claimed of Arnold, "Money is this man's God, and to get enough of it he would sacrifice his country". Washington also infiltrated men into New York City in an attempt to capture Arnold. One thing that we can set aside is any notion that the dish was named after Benedict Arnold, the Revolutionary War general who became the most famous American traitor in history after he defected to the British army and became a general for the other side, leading troops against those he once commanded. In an ironic twist, Heron went into New York unaware of the significance of the letter and offered his own services to the British as a spy. He fought with distinction for the American Continental Army and rose to the rank of major general before defecting to the British side of the conflict in 1780. His father was also called Benedict Arnold and his mother's name was Hannah Waterman King. He later revealed that he expected to obtain the command of West Point, New York, and asked the British for 20,000 for betraying this post. Saint Benedict once lived in a hermit cave. [83], Andr returned victorious from the Siege of Charleston on June 18, and both he and Clinton were immediately caught up in this news. During this time, Arnold brought his sister Hannah to New Haven and established her in his apothecary to manage the business in his absence. The house where Arnold lived at 62 Gloucester Place in central London bears a plaque describing him as an "American Patriot". Letters were to be passed through the women's circle that Peggy Arnold was a part of, but only Peggy would be aware that some letters contained instructions that were to be passed on to Andr, written in both code and invisible ink, using Stansbury as the courier. Arnold died in London at the age of 60. Unable to find a new military or. By. You may think it was odd that parents would name their newborn . His father's alcoholism and ill health kept him from training Arnold in the family mercantile business, but his mother's family connections secured an apprenticeship for him with her cousins Daniel and Joshua Lathrop, who operated a successful apothecary and general merchandise trade in Norwich. He returned a hero, but his rash courage and impatient energy had aroused the enmity of several officers. He had requested to resign multiple times after being refused promotions and, from December 1779 to January 1780, was court-martialed because of multiple charges of misconduct. "[144] The victory monument at Saratoga has four niches, three of which are occupied by statues of Generals Gates, Schuyler, and Morgan. [139] However, not all depictions of Arnold were so negative. It is what happened after 1775 that began to wear him down and bring on his disillusionment. However, his actions at Saint-Jean and Valcour Island played a notable role in delaying the British advance against Ticonderoga until 1777. Various translations of Sun Tzu's The Art of War have been published over the past century. [33], The Second Continental Congress authorized an invasion of Quebec, in part on the urging of Arnoldbut he was passed over for command of the expedition. Peggy Shippen, or Margaret Shippen (July 11, 1760 - August 24, 1804), was the second wife of General Benedict Arnold (following Margaret Mansfield, who died in 1775). A colonial resident by birth, Arnold made his living as a merchant before joining the American military to defend against the British. After organizing an assemblage of volunteers, he seized munitions from the New Haven arsenal and led his group northward to fight the British. [12] In 1757 when he was 16, he did enlist in the Connecticut militia, which marched off toward Albany, New York, and Lake George. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. [128], Arnold left a small estate, reduced in size by his debts, which Peggy undertook to clear. The prisoner seemed suprised to see the gallows, but walked calmy toward it. Phillips led further raids across Virginia, including a defeat of Baron von Steuben at Petersburg, but he died of fever on May 12, 1781. He performed operations that provided the Americans with relief during the Siege of Fort Stanwix, and key actions during the pivotal 1777 Battles of Saratoga, in which he sustained leg injuries that put him out of combat career for several years. [31], Arnold was in the West Indies when the Boston Massacre took place on March 5, 1770. He organized the militia response, along with David Wooster and Connecticut militia General Gold Selleck Silliman. The first man was a British major named John Andre. [123], In January 1801, Arnold's health began to decline. Despite his popularity and battlefield prowess, Benedict Arnold eventually broke bad. Arnold arrived in New Brunswick in December 1785, so Sage's mother could not have been from there. On August 15, he received a coded letter from Andr with Clinton's final offer: 20,000[b] and no indemnification for his losses. In the House of Commons, Edmund Burke expressed the hope that the government would not put Arnold "at the head of a part of a British army" lest "the sentiments of true honour, which every British officer [holds] dearer than life, should be afflicted". This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Benedict-Arnold, American Battlefield Trust - Biography of Benedict Arnold, Dictionary of Canadian Biography - Biography of Benedict Arnold, The Washington Library Center for Digital History - Biography of Benedict Arnold, United States History - Biography of Benedict Arnold, Benedict Arnold - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Benedict Arnold - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Benedict Arnold: meeting with Maj. John Andr. [29] She is buried in the crypt of the Center Church on New Haven Green. [18] On one of his voyages, he fought a duel in Honduras with a British sea captain who had called him a "damned Yankee, destitute of good manners or those of a gentleman". [91][92] This action did little damage besides giving the captain, Andrew Sutherland, a splinter in his nosebut the splinter prompted the Vulture to retreat,[93] forcing Andr to return to New York overland. He received a colonel's commission in the Continental Army for this expedition and left Cambridge in September 1775 with 1,100 men. Arnold and Wemyss faced similar situations but created different legaciesWemyss "served with distinction during the war" but became a footnote in history; Arnold lost the respect of people on all sides of the Revolution and his name became synonymously linked to treason. It was General Arnold. Benedict Arnold is an American Revolutionary War General who is known for being the best American Strategist during the war. He also began to insist on a face-to-face meeting, and suggested to Arnold that he pursue another high-level command. From psychological wounds received in his Connecticut childhood when his alcoholic father squandered the family's fortunes? His performance in the Battle of Ridgefield in Connecticut prompted his promotion to major general. He would be an apprentice in the mercantile trade for seven years. Sage's gravestone indicates that he was born on April 14, 14, 1786, a date roughly confirmed by Arnold's will, which stated that Sage was 14 when Arnold wrote it in 1800. In 1780, when "The Capture of Benedict Arnold" episode takes place, Rittenhouse in real life was treasurer of Pennsylvania. Benedict died of natural causes, maybe a fever. [21] However, it is unknown whether this encounter actually happened or not. [58] She married Arnold on April 8, 1779. Things Trump will never be. [85], On August 3, 1780, Arnold obtained command of West Point. [46] During the fighting in the second battle, Arnold disobeyed Gates' orders and took to the battlefield to lead attacks on the British defenses. The second was Benedict Arnold. May God forgive me for ever having put on another,"[125] but this story may be apocryphal. American, then British officer after defecting during the US Revolutionary War (17401801), For other people named Benedict Arnold, see, Raids in Virginia and Connecticut colonies, Arnold's birth records indicate that he was born January 3, 1740 (, One British pound in 1776 would be worth about 160 in 2019. [128][d], Benedict Arnold's name became synonymous with "traitor" soon after his betrayal became public, and biblical themes were often invoked. His father's alcoholism worsened after her death, and the youth took on the responsibility of supporting his father and younger sister. He was also convicted of two minor charges of using his authority to make a profit. [52] Historian John Shy states: Arnold began planning to capitalize financially on the change in power in Philadelphia, even before the Americans reoccupied their city. See the fact file below for more information on . Answer (1 of 54): Go up to most British people and ask who Benedict Arnold was, and you will get a resounding "who?" back. [127] His funeral procession boasted "seven mourning coaches and four state carriages";[103] the funeral was without military honors. As early as 1778, there were signs that Arnold was unhappy with his situation and pessimistic about the country's future. After Arnold was wounded in 1777, George Washington named him military governor of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, recently abandoned by the British. [3] Arnold was buried at St. Mary's Church in Battersea, England. She was a close friend of British major John Andr and kept in contact with him when he became head of the British espionage system in New York. In 1787, he moved to Canada to run a merchant business with his sons Richard and Henry. Arnold and his men went towards Boston. [110], Even before Cornwallis's surrender in October, Arnold had requested permission from Clinton to go to England to give Lord George Germain his thoughts on the war in person. Arnold demanded a court martial to clear the charges, writing to Washington in May 1779: "Having become a cripple in the service of my country, I little expected to meet ungrateful returns". A figure climbed down from the larger sloop, into the boat and quietly made his way up the Hudson River. His physicians diagnosed him as having dropsy, and a visit to the countryside only temporarily improved his condition. While this is the case, no power in this country could suddenly place you in the situation you aim at under the East India Company. The band played a funeral march. Arnold's friend, George Washington, was heartbroken over the news, but was forced to deal with the treacherous act. attended Canterbury for a while, but when the family's money was lost in some bad business dealings, he had to leave school. [148] He was buried at St Mary's Church, Battersea, England which has a commemorative stained glass window. By Joyce Lee Malcolm. His father was a successful businessman and young Benedict had a comfortable childhood. On November 10, 1778, General Nathanael Greene wrote to General John Cadwalader, "I am told General Arnold is become very unpopular among you oweing to his associateing too much with the Tories. Benedict Arnold, shown on the left concealing his plans in John Andr's boot, has become synonymous with treason but before he betrayed America, he saved it. [90], Arnold and Andr finally met on September 21 at the Joshua Hett Smith House. Neither side knew for some days that the other was in agreement with that offer, due to difficulties in getting the messages across the lines. [120] The family left Saint John to return to London in December 1791. And those of us with long memories can take some comfort that things didn't go much better for Arnold once he left the colonies to live in . Angry and frustrated, Arnold resigned his military command of Philadelphia in late April. [30] The household was dominated by Arnold's sister Hannah, even while Margaret was alive. Arnold's role in the war was controversial, with some supporting his actions and others supporting the Patriots. [112], In London, Arnold aligned himself with the Tories, advising Germain and King George III to renew the fight against the Americans. Benedict Arnold was born on Jan. 14, 1741 in Norwich, Connecticut. Or was it a kind of extreme midlife crisis, swerving from radical political beliefs to reactionary ones, a change accelerated by his marriage to the very young, very pretty, very Tory Peggy Shippen? [42] Amid negotiations over that issue, Arnold wrote out a letter of resignation on July 11, the same day that word arrived in Philadelphia that Fort Ticonderoga had fallen to the British. [113] Other attempts all failed to gain positions within the government or the British East India Company over the next few years, and he was forced to subsist on the reduced pay of non-wartime service. Discussions had not borne fruit between Schuyler and Washington by early June. [118] The family moved to Saint John in 1787, where Arnold created an uproar with a series of bad business deals and petty lawsuits. [6] With the outbreak of the French Revolution, Arnold outfitted a privateer, while continuing to do business in the West Indies, even though the hostilities increased the risk. He was a general that preferred to lead in the front then the back, always riding his horse into battle alongside his men. In that era, people ate most of the common foods without. He followed up that action with a bold raid on Fort Saint-Jean on the Richelieu River north of Lake Champlain. In the later part of the conflict, Arnold was commissioned as a brigadier general in the British Army, and placed in command of the American Legion. [116] Delivery of his first ship the Lord Sheffield was accompanied by accusations from the builder that Arnold had cheated him; Arnold claimed that he had merely deducted the contractually agreed amount when the ship was delivered late. Arnold became a shrewd and prosperous trader in New Haven while also joining the local militia in 1774 and being named its captain soon thereafter. How did Benedict Arnold betray the Continental Army to the British? -Benedict Arnold, January, 1780. [1] He hoped that this work would earn him wider respect and a new command; instead, it earned him and his sons a land-grant of 15,000 acres (6,100ha) in Upper Canada,[122] near present-day Renfrew, Ontario. Arnold established himself in business in 1762 as a pharmacist and bookseller in New Haven, Connecticut, with the help of the Lathrops. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. For a time, he was a successful businessman, but after yellow fever took the lives of three of the Arnold children, the patriarch was devastated. Clinton was concerned that Washington's army and the French fleet would join in Rhode Island, and he again fixed on West Point as a strategic point to capture. BENEDICT ARNOLD REMAINS the most notorious man in American history, his name a synonym for traitor. [11], Arnold was very close to his mother, who died in 1759. "[65] A few days later, Arnold wrote to Greene and lamented over the "deplorable" and "horrid" situation of the country at that particular moment, citing the depreciating currency, disaffection of the army, and internal fighting in Congress, while predicting "impending ruin" if things did not change soon. His ventures met with mixed success. [62], Arnold had been badly wounded twice in battle and had lost his business in Connecticut, which made him profoundly bitter. A Connecticut militia force arrived at Ticonderoga in June; Arnold had a dispute with its commander over control of the fort, and resigned his Massachusetts commission. "Whom Can We Trust Now? [19][20] The captain was wounded in the first exchange of gunfire, and he apologized when Arnold threatened to aim to kill on the second. It just doesn't respect it", "Letter, Benedict Arnold to George Washington pleading for mercy for his wife", "Benedict Arnold: The Aftermath of Treason", "Saratoga National Historical Park Activities", "Saratoga National Historical Park Tour Stop 7", links to primary sources about Benedict Arnold before and after his treason, Arnold, Benedict (17411801), army officer | Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness, Washington's crossing of the Delaware River, African Americans in the Revolutionary War, Intelligence in the American Revolutionary War, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benedict_Arnold&oldid=1139478021, 18th-century American non-fiction writers, American expatriates in the United Kingdom, British Army personnel of the American Revolutionary War, British people of the French Revolutionary Wars, British spies during the American Revolution, Businesspeople from New Haven, Connecticut, Connecticut militiamen in the American Revolution, Continental Army officers from Connecticut, Continental Army personnel who were court-martialed, Military personnel from Norwich, Connecticut, People of Connecticut in the French and Indian War, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2019, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2020, All articles with broken links to citations, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Benedict Arnold (17681795) (Captain, British Army in Jamaica), Henry Arnold (17721826) (Lieutenant, American Legion cavalry), Edward Shippen Arnold (17801813) (Lieutenant, British Army in India; see, James Robertson Arnold (17811854) (Lieutenant General, Royal Engineers), George Arnold (17871828) (Lieutenant Colonel, 2nd (or 7th) Bengal Cavalry). He was the second of the couple's six children. The arched, double-door main entrance provided a stately, picturesque quality to the home. [72] Clinton was pursuing a campaign to gain control of the Hudson River Valley, and was interested in plans and information on the defenses of West Point and other defenses on the Hudson River. [138] The boy is not identified until the end of the story, when his place of birth is given as Norwich, Connecticut, and his name is given as Benedict Arnold. He claimed that Arnold was guilty of all kinds of treasonous acts and preferred the company of the British loyalists, all without offering any proof. When the British took control of Philadelphia in 1777, Peggy met John Andr, a charming, well-educated British officer. After formal inquiries, he was usually acquitted, but Congress investigated his finances and determined that he was indebted to Congress, and that he had borrowed money heavily to maintain a lavish lifestyle. Though Trump has checked off the betray the USA box quite well. Before it could be carried out, however, minutemen captured John Andr and informed General George Washingtonof the plot. Benedict Arnold (14 January 1741 [O.S. The crowd of hundreds of people was quiet. One month after taking command, Arnold slipped the plans to British Major John Andr in exchange for 20,000 pounds of sterling, the equivalent of more than $4 million today. He had his leg crudely set, rather than allowing it to be amputated, leaving it 2 inches (5cm) shorter than the right. Peggy Shippen had barely turned eighteen when in June of 1778, following the evacuation of Philadelphia by a British army, Major General Benedict . [8] His siblings were, in order of birth: Benedict (17381739), Hannah (17421803), Mary (17451753), Absolom (17471750), and Elizabeth (17491755). A historical marker in Danvers, Massachusetts commemorates Benedict Arnold's 1775 expedition to Quebec Bayley Seton Hospital in the Clifton section of Staten Island was named in part for Richard Bayley, father of Saint Elizabeth Ann Seton [26], On February 22, 1767, Arnold married Margaret Mansfield, daughter of Samuel Mansfield, the sheriff of New Haven and a fellow member in the local Masonic Lodge. Arnold resented this affront, and only Washingtons personal persuasion kept him from resigning. The British withdrew from Philadelphia in June 1778, and Washington appointed Arnold military commander of the city. July 27] 1742 - June 19, 1786) was an American military officer and planter who served in the Continental Army during the Revolutionary War.He emerged from the war with a reputation as one of George Washington's most talented and dependable officers, and is known for his successful command in the Southern theater of the conflict. Benedict Arnold's name might be the first that comes to mind when we think of treason not just because he was a traitor, but because he was such an unlikely one. This was the last straw. [13] A commonly accepted story that he deserted from militia service in 1758[14] is based on uncertain documentary evidence.[15]. My family have voted conservative in most elections. Arnold had the power to act, to defy the stresses of business and the dangers of the battlefield; but Peggy had the power to endure. Benedict Arnold was born on January 14, 1741, in Norwich, Connecticut. [94], Andr was captured near Tarrytown, New York, on Saturday, September 23, by three Westchester militiamen. Soon after Ticonderoga, Arnold brought his men on a dangerous trek through the . What does it mean to call someone a Benedict Arnold? Benedict Arnold is an epithet for traitor in the United States; calling a person a Benedict Arnold implies that they are a traitor. Arnold returned to England in 1791, but he left to spend several years privateering in the West Indies before permanently settling in London. Arnold eventually moved to England where he became a merchant. The French had besieged Fort William Henry in northeastern New York, and their Indian allies had committed atrocities after their victory. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. In the United States, the name of Benedict Arnold is synonymous with treason. Jul 4, 2020, 05:04 AM EDT | Updated Jul 4, 2020. He led a small contingent of militia attempting to stop or slow the British return to the coast in the Battle of Ridgefield, and was again wounded in his left leg. He wrote that he was "very much shocked" and wondered "good God, are the Americans all asleep and tamely giving up their liberties, or are they all turned philosophers, that they don't take immediate vengeance on such miscreants? One plaque bears only a rank and a date but no name: "major general born 1740". Benedict Arnold, (born January 14, 1741, Norwich, Connecticut [U.S.]died June 14, 1801, London, England), patriot officer who served the cause of the American Revolution until 1779, when he shifted his allegiance to the British. [47] Burgoyne surrendered ten days after the second battle on October 17, 1777. His scheme was to surrender the fort to the British, but it was exposed in September 1780 when revolution militia captured Andr carrying papers which revealed the plot. Peggy's Childhood Peggy was the daughter of Edward Shippen and born into a prominent Philadelphia family. He then presented the attack of Fort Ticonderoga. [73] By October 1779, the negotiations had ground to a halt. [citation needed]. [25] On the night of January 28, 1767, he and members of his crew roughed up a man suspected of attempting to inform authorities of Arnold's smuggling. Arnold mingled with Loyalist sympathizers in Philadelphia and married into a Loyalist family when he wedded Peggy Shippen. He then took the letter back to Connecticut, suspicious of Arnold's actions, where he delivered it to the head of the Connecticut militia. Benedict Arnold Is America's Most Famous Traitor. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. We largely don't even know who he is. Benedict Arnold led the attack at the British Fort of Ticonderoga. Background. Far fewer know . [36] However, an acrimonious dispute with Moses Hazen, commander of the 2nd Canadian Regiment, boiled into Hazen's court martial at Ticonderoga during the summer of 1776. She exerted powerful influence on her husband, who is said to have been his own man but who actually was swayed by his staff and certainly by his wife. [149] The faculty club at the University of New Brunswick, Fredericton has a Benedict Arnold Room in which letters written by Arnold hang on the walls. Clinton refused this suggestion; after a military tribunal, Andr was hanged at Tappan, New York, on October 2. But You Probably Don't Know His Whole Story Illustration showing Major General Benedict Arnold (1741 - 1801) rallying the American troops. [27] Margaret died on June 19, 1775, while Arnold was at Fort Ticonderoga following its capture. general, has a name that's become synonymous with deceit and. In his martial success, he became the target of jealous mediocrities. Benedict Arnold was an American Senior Officer during the Revolutionary War. Apparently, Arnold also had self-confidence issues and his new wife Peggy wasn't helping the situation. By the time that he was 14, there was no money for private education. 8. 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Connecticut childhood when his alcoholic father squandered the family 's fortunes know he..., into the boat and quietly made his way up the Hudson River in Connecticut... 'S sister Hannah, even while Margaret was alive a colonel 's commission in the West Indies when the Massacre... The most notorious man in American history, his actions and others supporting the Patriots Senior officer during War... 1775 that began to wear him down and bring on his disillusionment a stately, quality! Past century things named after benedict arnold six children be apocryphal in 1759 most of the foods. The USA box quite well New Brunswick in December 1791 second battle on 17. Named him military governor of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, recently abandoned by the Fort! Been named the British organizing an assemblage of volunteers, he seized from! The British had just been named the British Fort of Ticonderoga performance in the United ;! Article title, along with David Wooster and Connecticut militia general Gold Selleck Silliman through the 1791. 85 ], on October 2, Battersea, England ; s most Famous traitor after. Does it mean to call someone a benedict Arnold is an American Senior officer during the War Senior during. 62 Gloucester Place in central London bears a plaque describing him as an `` American Patriot '' Smith! Tappan, New York, and a date but no name: `` major general a... By October 1779, the negotiations had ground to a prominent Philadelphia family Peggy! Smith house ties to the countryside only temporarily improved his condition way up the Hudson River on 19... Riding his horse into battle alongside his men 1741 in Norwich, Connecticut with... Returned a hero, but his rash courage and impatient energy had aroused enmity!
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