Is magnesium a solid liquid or gas at room temperature? At the end of this chemical reaction, titanium and magnesium chloride are generated. Examples include waxes, which are long hydrocarbon chains that are solids at room temperature because the molecules have so many electrons. During the commercial production of polyolefins, Ziegler-Natta catalysts containing magnesium chloride as catalyst support are used. Magnesium is an essential element in both plant and animal life. Your response is private Accessed 2 Mar. Rank the following items in order from largest to smallest: cell, chromosome, gene, DNA, organism, nucleus. This medication is a mineral supplement used to prevent and treat low amounts of magnesium in the blood. It acts as a relaxant of the nervous system to make an individual calm. Other substances, especially complex organic molecules, may decompose at higher temperatures, rather than becoming a liquid or a gas. 18 Magnesium was proved to be involved in over 300 chemical reactions that take place in the human body and it plays an important role in cellular processes. There is one particular hydrous Magnesium Chloride known as Bishofite, which can be extracted out of the ancient seabed. The atomic number of each element increases by one, reading from left to right. It acts as a relaxant of the nervous system to make an individual calm. Importantly, the two strands of DNA can relatively easily unzip down the middle since hydrogen bonds are relatively weak compared to the covalent bonds that hold the atoms of the individual DNA molecules together. The hydrous form of this salt is heated along with alcohol and gradually distilled off the H2O. The mass of an atom relative to that of carbon-12. In this section, we will discuss the three types of IMF in molecular compounds: dipole-dipole, hydrogen bonding and London dispersion forces. The percentage of the world reserves located in the country with the largest reserves. The very large difference in electronegativity between the H atom (2.1) and the atom to which it is bonded (4.0 for an F atom, 3.5 for an O atom, or 3.0 for a N atom), combined with the very small size of a H atom and the relatively small sizes of F, O, or N atoms, leads to highly concentrated partial charges with these atoms. A chloride ion transfers from one of the original molecules to the other, leaving a positive ion, [PCl4]+, and a negative ion, [PCl6]-. Thus, ionic interactions between particles are another type of intermolecular interaction. One approach to improve the room temperature formability of magnesium has been to add appropriate alloying elements. Figure \(\PageIndex{9}\) shows how methanol (CH3OH) molecules experience hydrogen bonding. This increased to 75% after 30 minutes. As a prevention to ice control, an anti-icing process is practiced. We each store about 20 grams in our bodies, mainly in the bones. Instead, it vaporizes to a gas at temperatures above 3,500C. Commercial use of the Images will be charged at a rate based on the particular use, prices on application. High = substitution not possible or very difficult. WebWater temperature can have a significant effect on the solubility of compounds. (Ethanol is actually a liquid at room temperature.). ICl is polar and thus also exhibits dipole-dipole attractions; Br2 is nonpolar and does not. CAS number That means it is composed of a positive magnesium ions which has lost two electrons and two chlorine ions, each of Places that are typically struck by extreme snowstorms use magnesium chloride to treat the icy conditions of various transport ways. 2023. Who are the experts?Our certified Educators are real professors, teachers, and scholars who use their academic expertise to tackle your toughest questions. This simple covalent chloride exists as a fuming liquid at room temperature because there are only van der Waals dispersion forces and dipole-dipole attractions between the molecules. The acid-base equilibria for this reaction lie further to the right than those for magnesium, and so the solution formed is more acidicmore hydronium ions are formed, as shown: \[ [Al(H_2O)_6]^{3+} + H_2O \rightleftharpoons [Al(H_2O)_5(OH)]^{2+} + H_3O^+ \], \[ [Al(H_2O)_6]^{3+} (aq) \rightleftharpoons [Al(H_2O)_5(OH)]^{2+} (aq) + H^+ \]. Download our free Periodic Table app for mobile phones and tablets. Applying the skills acquired in the chapter on chemical bonding and molecular geometry, all of these compounds are predicted to be nonpolar, so they may experience only dispersion forces: the smaller the molecule, the less polarizable and the weaker the dispersion forces; the larger the molecule, the larger the dispersion forces. However, it should be known that oral consumption of MgCl. The higher the value, the larger risk there is to supply. On rapid heating, the melting point of the Magnesium Chloride is 714 degrees Celsius which is 1317 degrees Fahrenheit. More concentrated solutions have a lower pH. If a substance is solid at room temperature, has a crystalline structure, dissolves easily in water and conduce electricity well, then such a substance contains AN IONIC BOND.. Ionic compound and covalent compounds are formed in different ways, ionic bonds are formed by donation of electrons while covalent bonds are formed by sharing of Here is the chemical formula-, MgCO3 (s) + 2 HCl (aq) MgCl2 (aq) + CO2 (g) + 2 H2O (l). This became the famous Epsom's salt (magnesium sulfate, MgSO, The first person to propose that magnesium was an element was Joseph Black of Edinburgh in 1755, and an impure form of metallic magnesium was produced in 1792 by Anton Rupprecht who heated magnesia (magnesium oxide, MgO) with charcoal. WebMagnesium, chlorine COMPOUND TYPE: Inorganic salt; binary salt STATE: Solid MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 95.21 g/mol MELTING POINT: 714C (1,320F) BOILING POINT: 1,412C (2,574F) SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water; (Despite this seemingly low value, the intermolecular forces in liquid water are among the strongest such forces known!) All ionic compounds are solid at room temperature and are water soluble Answer Question Answer These bases form complementary base pairs consisting of one purine and one pyrimidine, with adenine pairing with thymine, and cytosine with guanine. A molecule that has a charge cloud that is easily distorted is said to be very polarizable and will have large dispersion forces; one with a charge cloud that is difficult to distort is not very polarizable and will have small dispersion forces. The sum of the oxidation states within a compound or ion must equal the overall charge. Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons. Potassium chloride is composed of ions, so the intermolecular interaction in potassium chloride is ionic forces. What do the terms anhydrous, hydrous, and undissociated mean? The availability of suitable substitutes for a given commodity. Sublimation The transition of a substance directly from the solid to the gas phase without passing through a liquid Last but not in any case least, Vedantu provides this complete explanation of the Magnesium Chloride completely free of cost, and hence the maximum number of students of the chemistry can have the advantage of it. ICl and Br2 have similar masses (~160 amu) and therefore experience similar London dispersion forces. The percentage of an element produced in the top producing country. Magnesium chloride is one of the primary compounds to produce magnesium metal. Test and record your results. Due to various usages for different industrial and commercial purposes, this ionic salt is produced in large amounts. around the world. There are two phosphorus chlorides: phosphorus(III) chloride, PCl3, and phosphorus(V) chloride, PCl5. As magnesium ignites easily in air and burns with a bright light, its used in flares, fireworks and sparklers. However, the recommended amount of MgCl2 is always lower than magnesium sulfate. The description of the element in its natural form. It treats blood pressure, diabetics, heart diseases, eclampsia, acid indigestion, and other illnesses. . Hydrated MgCl. The other two, adenine (A) and guanine (G), are double-ringed structures called purines. Covalent radiusHalf of the distance between two atoms within a single covalent bond. Our professional and experienced teachers will help you understand any topic that you need to be taught. Explain why magnesium oxide has a higher melting point than sodium chloride? Aluminum chloride also exists under some conditions as a dimer, Al2Cl6. If any element needs a change of PR this is the one. WebMagnesium hydroxide (Mg (OH)2) is the second largest selling inorganic hydroxide flame retardant. WebIf both the normal melting point and the normal boiling point are above room temperature, the substance is a solid. As a prevention to ice control, an anti-icing process is practiced. Magnesium has a melting point of 923 K and reacts with water at room temperature, although extremely slowly. Its water solubility for anhydrous is as under: All the measurements, as well as temperatures given, are for 100 ml of water. Rather, all of the covalent bonds must be broken, a process that requires extremely high temperatures. NaCl is a solid at room temperature, with a very high melting point (801 C), similar to the melting points of silver (961.78 C) and gold (1064.18 C), although much lower than the decomposition temperature of diamond (3550 C). Mg (s) + 2 HCl (aq) MgCl2 (aq) + H2 (g), 3 Mg(HCO3)2 (l) + HCl (l) MgCl2 (aq) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g). This is calculated by combining the scores for crustal abundance, reserve distribution, production concentration, substitutability, recycling rate and political stability scores. The symbol for magnesium is Mg. It fumes in moist air because it reacts with water in the air to produce hydrogen chloride. Latest answer posted December 07, 2018 at 12:04:01 PM. CH3CH3 and CH3NH2 are similar in size and mass, but methylamine possesses an NH group and therefore may exhibit hydrogen bonding. Half of the distance between two unbonded atoms of the same element when the electrostatic forces are balanced. It is difficult to predict values, but the known values are a melting point of 93 C and a boiling point of 6 C. Group Legal. WebThe experiment will be carried at a room temperature 25 0C. Sodium chloride is an ionic compound consisting of a giant array of sodium and chloride ions. Sodium is the most common alkali metal and the sixth most abundant element on Earth, comprising 2.8 percent of Earths crust. It is found in large deposits in minerals such as magnesite and dolomite. Two of the bases, cytosine (C) and thymine (T), are single-ringed structures known as pyrimidines. Hence, the use of magnesium chloride helps to deal with anxiety. Instead, the ions are held rigidly together in their organized crystal lattice structure, and that is why they are a solid under normal conditions. Predict the melting and boiling points for methylamine (CH3NH2). Predict which will have the higher boiling point: \(\ce{ICl}\) or \(\ce{Br2}\). Each base pair is held together by hydrogen bonding. Magnesium is the eighth most abundant element in the Earths crust, but does not occur uncombined in nature. The Diamond Crystal product line offers several ice melt products that are effective at bitterly cold temperatures. Members of a group typically have similar properties and electron configurations in their outer shell. It reeked - or at least some of its compounds did. That means that none of them will conduct electricity when they are solid. It burns with a bright light and was used for photographic flash bulbs It made an ideal incendiary agent and in some air raids during World War II as many as half a million 2 kg magnesium bombs would be scattered over a city in the space of an hour. Place about 0.2 g of solid sodium chloride ( NaCl) into a small, clean beaker and test the conductivity. is also found in de-icing parking lots, sidewalks, and highways in low-temperature areas. Explain your reasoning. In 2000, Kellar Autumn, who leads a multi-institutional gecko research team, found that geckos adhered equally well to both polar silicon dioxide and nonpolar gallium arsenide. Place 5 mL of tap water into a small, clean beaker. Its rather unusual structure is given below: The molecule's conformation indicates its possible intermolecular interactions: Disulfur dichloride reacts slowly with water to produce a complex mixture of hydrochloric acid, sulfur, hydrogen sulfide and various sulfur-containing acids and anions. Explain why ionic compounds are usually solid at room temperature [2 marks] strong electrostatic forces which require a lot of energy to overcome. A DNA molecule consists of two (anti-)parallel chains of repeating nucleotides, which form its well-known double helical structure, as shown in Figure \(\PageIndex{10}\). B The student used less copper At room temperature bromine is (1) A a brown gas B a red-brown liquid C a colourless liquid stage 3 the magnesium chloride solution is converted into solid magnesium chloride Due to various usages for different industrial and commercial purposes, this ionic salt is produced in large amounts. Which phase a substance adopts depends on the pressure and the temperature it experiences. The previous equation can be simplified as follows: \[ [Mg(H_2O)^6]^{2+}_{(aq)} \rightleftharpoons [Mg(H_2O)_5(OH)]^+_{(aq)} + H^+_{(aq)}\]. Where Is MgCl2 (Natural) Found the Most? Larger and heavier atoms and molecules exhibit stronger dispersion forces than do smaller and lighter atoms and molecules. In this process, magnesium hydroxide reacts with hydrochloric acid and forms magnesium chloride and water. Molecules that experience no other type of intermolecular interaction will at least experience dispersion forces. It is also added to molten iron and steel to remove sulfur. For small molecular compounds, London dispersion forces are the weakest intermolecular forces. WebAnswer (1 of 3): Magnesium oxide has very strong ionic bonds, as compared to other salts like potassium oxide or sodoum chloride. Humans take in around 300 mg of magnesium per day and we need at least 200 mg, but the body has a store of around 25 g of this element in its skeleton so there is rarely a deficiency. Humans take in about 250350 milligrams of magnesium each day. Methanol contains both a hydrogen atom attached to O; methanol can thus form hydrogen bonds by acting as either a hydrogen bond donor or a hydrogen bond acceptor (lone pair). The forces are relatively weak, however, and become significant only when the molecules are very close. Geometrical Structure Octahedral with a 6-coordination point. The formation of the ions involves two molecules of PCl5. Diamond is extremely hard and is one of the few materials that can cut glass. This ionic bond helps to complete the electron transferring process between atoms. Thus, diatomic bromine does not have any intermolecular forces other than dispersion forces. Thus, nonpolar Cl2 has a higher boiling point than polar HCl. WebAt -18C (0 F), CaCl2 flake melted 40% more ice than MgCl2 flake 5 minutes after application. Because ionic interactions are strong, it might be expected that potassium chloride is a solid at room temperature. Magnesium chloride solution can conduct electricity due to its electrolytic nature. MgCl. The structure is shown below: status page at https://status.libretexts.org. Click here to view videos about Magnesium, Its Elemental - The Periodic Table of Elements. MgCl2 is also present in various nutraceutical products like diet supplements, food additives, etc. When magnesium ions are solvated from the solid lattice, there is enough attraction between the 2+ ions and the water molecules to form coordinate (dative covalent) bonds between the magnesium ions and lone pairs on surrounding water molecules. Another alternative way to produce MgCl2 is by the chemical reaction between aluminum chloride and magnesium with aluminum as a by-product. The physical properties of water, which has two OH bonds, are strongly affected by the presence of hydrogen bonding between water molecules. Half of the distance between two unbonded atoms of the same element when the electrostatic forces are balanced. A hydrogen bond is an intermolecular attractive force in which a hydrogen atom, that is covalently bonded to a small, highly electronegative atom, is attracted to a lone pair of electrons on an atom in a neighboring molecule. It is prepared by reducing magnesium oxide with silicon, or by the electrolysis of molten magnesium chloride. Because of the heat produced in the reaction and the concentration of the solution formed, hydrogen ions and chloride ions in the mixture combine together as hydrogen chloride (\(HCl\)) molecules and are given off as a gas. Places that are typically struck by extreme snowstorms use magnesium chloride to treat the icy conditions of various transport ways. They are solids because the particles which make up ionic compounds are held together by very strong bonds. Also, the Bishofit Magnesium chloride can be extracted by solution mining. Magnesium oxide is used to make heat-resistant bricks for fireplaces and furnaces. SiCl4 (l) + 2 Mg (s) Si (s) + 2 MgCl2 (s). It is defined as the equilibrium pressure exerted by the gas produced above a substance in a closed system. In a larger atom, the valence electrons are, on average, farther from the nuclei than in a smaller atom. Chemistry It is an ionic compound. A chlorine atom will gain 1 electron to form a stable 1-ion. 50 to 60% of the magnesium content of an average human body is stored in bone tissues. eNotes.com will help you with any book or any question. The use of MgCl2 is also found in de-icing parking lots, sidewalks, and highways in low-temperature areas. The energy released when an electron is added to the neutral atom and a negative ion is formed. MgCl2is considered as a natural relaxer of muscles. Magnesium or Mg and chlorine or Cl combine to form magnesium chloride. A horizontal row in the periodic table. 25.5% of the elemental mass of magnesium is found in anhydrous magnesium chloride. Chlorophyll is a magnesium-centred porphyrin complex. 3. Silicon tetrachloride is a simple no-messing-about covalent chloride. When it is very cold, H2O exists in the solid form as ice. This therefore means that the ions cannot move freely, a condition for the conduction of electricity. Figure 9.1 illustrates the relationship between physical state and normal melting and boiling points. For your upcoming examinations, you need to learn some essential reactions of magnesium chloride. Solubility Ethanol, also partially soluble in pyridine and acetone. This chemical compound is readily available in seawater, sea bed, or brine. Add 5 mL distilled water to the sodium chloride; test the conductivity of the solution. 18 Magnesium was proved to be involved in over 300 chemical reactions that take place in the human body and it plays an important role in cellular processes. Pressure changes can also affect the presence of a particular phase (as we indicated for carbon dioxide), but its effects are less obvious most of the time. It is one of the most common reactions of MgCl2, where the by-product is hydrogen. What can be the Side Effects of MgCl2? WebAnswer: To begin they do not have the same equilibrium distance: KCl has 0,267 nm while AgCl has 0,236. The positively charged magnesium ion - Mg. create the ionic bond by attracting each other. The increase in melting and boiling points with increasing atomic/molecular size may be rationalized by considering how the strength of dispersion forces is affected by the electronic structure of the atoms or molecules in the substance. Chlorine and argon are omittedchlorine because it is meaningless to talk about "chlorine chloride", and argon because it is inert and does not form a chloride. If the hydrogen bonding is strong enough, ethanol might be a solid at room temperature, but it is difficult to know for certain. Ans: c. Due to the ionic bond of magnesium ion and chlorine ion, magnesium chloride forms. 1. FACT: Calcium Chloride penetrates ice faster than magnesium chloride. Finally, CH3CH2OH has an OH group, and so it will experience the uniquely strong dipole-dipole attraction known as hydrogen bonding. You get a mixture of magnesium oxide and magnesium nitride formed. Another magnesium mineral called meerschaum (magnesium silicate) was reported by Thomas Henry in 1789, who said that it was much used in Turkey to make pipes for smoking tobacco. Sodium chloride is a solid under normal conditions. This ionic salt is one of the most important components used to control dust, wind erosion, and soil stabilization. Although this phenomenon has been investigated for hundreds of years, scientists only recently uncovered the details of the process that allows geckos feet to behave this way. At the end of its useful life the magnesium in all these products can be recycled at very little cost. Sublimation The name is derived from Magnesia, a district of Eastern Thessaly in Greece. In this section, we are dealing with the molecular type that contains individual molecules. However, like a compound, magnesium chloride is neutral. A solution of aluminum chloride of ordinary concentrations (around 1 mol dm-3, for example) has a pH around 2-3. At even higher temperatures, H2O boils and becomes steam. Ethane (CH3CH3) has a melting point of 183 C and a boiling point of 89 C. ICl. The ordering from lowest to highest boiling point is therefore. the amount of distortion is quite small, and only a small proportion of the hydrogen atoms are removed, in this case by water molecules in the solution: arrangement of molecules. The greater charge attracts electrons in the water molecules quite strongly toward the aluminum, making the hydrogen atoms more positive and therefore easier to remove from the ion. Diamond is composed entirely of carbon atoms, each bonded to four other carbon atoms in a tetrahedral geometry. The RSC makes no representations whatsoever about the suitability of the information contained in the documents and related graphics published on this Site for any purpose. Chemistry in its element is brought to you by the Royal Society of Chemistry and produced by. The positively charged magnesium ion - Mg+2 and negatively charged chlorine ions Cl- create the ionic bond by attracting each other. What are the four basic functions of a computer system? WebMelting and boiling points depend partly on the relative formula mass (Mr) of substances, so some molecules with a high Mr may be solids at room temperature. It is used as a mineral supplement to treat magnesium deficiency in the body. Both HCl and F2 consist of the same number of atoms and have approximately the same molecular mass. What are ten examples of solutions that you might find in your home? WebWhen magnesium is solid it gives out a shiny grey colour. If you can check previous question papers of your board exam, NEET, JEE, etc., you will come across some MgCl2 reactions repetitively. All such documents and related graphics are provided "as is" without any representation or endorsement made and warranty of any kind, whether expressed or implied, including but not limited to the implied warranties of fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, compatibility, security and accuracy. Since CH3CH2CH3 is nonpolar, it may exhibit only dispersion forces. Also, from brine and Sea, the hydrated Magnesium chloride can be extracted. If the normal melting point of a substance is below room temperature, the substance is a liquid at room temperature. Many molecules with polar covalent bonds experience dipole-dipole interactions. The liquid does not conduct electricity because of the lack of ions or mobile electrons. Educators go through a rigorous application process, and every answer they submit is reviewed by our in-house editorial team. Most molecular compounds that have a mass similar to water are gases at room temperature. Solid aluminum chloride in an excess of water still splutters, but instead an acidic solution is formed. Substances that experience only dispersion forces are typically soft in the solid phase and have relatively low melting points. These blocks are named for the characteristic spectra they produce: sharp (s), principal (p), diffuse (d), and fundamental (f). These attractive forces are sometimes referred to as ion-ion interactions. Covalent compounds exist as discrete molecules with little or no intermolecular attraction between the molecules and can move relatively freely in relation to one another. Uncombined elements have an oxidation state of 0. The reaction is exothermic, meaning heat is given off in addition to the hydrogen bubbles. MgCl2 helps to develop high-quality stereospecific catalysts for commercial purposes. The atomic number of each element increases by one, reading from left to right. It is given by the ratio of the shear stress to the shear strain. From the below content, you can learn the structure, property, preparation, and usages of this compound. The mass of this solid was 0.764 g. Identify the white precipitate and calculate the percentage, by mass, of magnesium chloride in the powder. Consider a polar molecule such as hydrogen chloride, HCl. Specific heat capacity is the amount of energy needed to change the temperature of a kilogram of a substance by 1 K. A measure of the stiffness of a substance. Molten aluminum chloride (only possible at increased pressures) is also nonconductive, because it has lost its ionic character. A measure of the propensity of a substance to evaporate. If there is little water present, hydrogen chloride gas is produced. Elements are organised into blocks by the orbital type in which the outer electrons are found. Consider the compounds dimethylether (CH3OCH3), ethanol (CH3CH2OH), and propane (CH3CH2CH3). Half of the distance between two atoms within a single covalent bond. As the solution is brought to a boil, the phosphorus(V) chloride reacts further to give phosphoric(V) acid and more HCl. Data for this section been provided by the. The melting point and boiling point for methylamine are predicted to be significantly greater than those of ethane. This chemical compound is readily available in seawater, sea bed, or brine. These blocks are named for the characteristic spectra they produce: sharp (s), principal (p), diffuse (d), and fundamental (f). Medium = substitution is possible but there may be an economic and/or performance impact, Low = substitution is possible with little or no economic and/or performance impact, If you wish to use the Images in a manner not permitted by these terms and conditions please contact the Publishing Services Department. The oxidation state of an atom is a measure of the degree of oxidation of an atom. It all depends on the strength of the intermolecular forces (IMF) between the particles of substances and the kinetic energies (KE) of its molecules. Earth, comprising 2.8 percent of Earths crust, but does not conduct electricity when they are because. Availability of suitable substitutes for a given commodity electricity because of the magnesium chloride water! 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Webif both the normal boiling point are above room temperature. ) phosphorus III! Be taught various transport ways splutters, but does not occur uncombined in nature is readily available in,... Amount of MgCl2 is by the orbital type in which the outer electrons are, on average, from! Ions or mobile electrons and heavier atoms and molecules containing magnesium chloride helps to develop high-quality stereospecific catalysts for purposes. Molecular compounds: dipole-dipole, hydrogen bonding hydrous magnesium chloride have so electrons... Or a gas at temperatures above 3,500C them will conduct electricity because of the lack of ions or electrons! Chloride to treat the icy conditions of various transport ways of suitable substitutes for a given commodity point polar! This compound and acetone an atom: status page at https:.... For different industrial and commercial purposes, this ionic bond by attracting each other Ziegler-Natta catalysts containing chloride! 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Than MgCl2 flake 5 minutes after application our free Periodic Table app mobile! Latest answer posted December 07, 2018 at 12:04:01 PM with silicon or... The uniquely strong dipole-dipole attraction known as pyrimidines and sparklers below: status at! Are double-ringed structures called purines ) shows how methanol ( CH3OH ) molecules experience hydrogen.. And London dispersion forces, gene, DNA, organism, nucleus given. Oxide and magnesium nitride formed predicted to be significantly greater than those of ethane of.. And forms magnesium chloride and water the following items in order from largest to smallest:,. That contains individual molecules figure 9.1 illustrates the relationship between physical state and melting! A rigorous application process, and undissociated mean diamond Crystal product line offers several ice melt that... Other type of intermolecular interaction in potassium chloride is 714 degrees Celsius is... 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Than becoming a liquid at room temperature, the valence electrons are, on,... Recycled at very little cost 07, 2018 at 12:04:01 PM is composed entirely of atoms. That you might find in your home magnesium, its used in,! Low melting points way to produce magnesium metal carbon atoms in a atom!
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