Able-bodied privilege. Chasing the Dream: Poverty and Opportunity in America. Wait Time in the Classroom & Examples | What is Wait Time? Select one of these 4 beliefs and use the information in this selection, along with your own observations and experiences, to argue whether or not the belief youve selected is supported by facts. However, many sites simply lack the funding necessary to pay interns because they cannot bill for services provided by interns. Relegating women to second-class citizenship was abolished when Jesus died on the cross. How do you think food insecurity affects students here? Class privilege based on economic capital. Donec aliquet. In 2019, a small group of counselor educators and counseling students began an informal discussion on the CESNET Listserv (CESNET-L) concerning the ways in which social class was perceived to create additional privileges and barriers for students in counseling programs. What aspects of the debt burden on college students and their families are results of banking policies, as explained by Jaffe in this article, or outright public grants (such as the Pell grants) and government policy toward educational opportunities? Taking two of the examples discussed by Williams, explain the financial disadvantage in using them. Hes been too embarrassed to ask his classmates or his professors for help. For example, how many students would struggle to complete internship hours during the typical 9-to-5 workday? I went there to get an education, not as an extension of privilege. PBS. What do you think of the policy recommendations put forward in this piece? Last week, he missed all of his classes and did not contact anyone to explain his absence. What advantages and/or disadvantages, related to class, did you experience in your college application experiences? How Brain Development Influences Holistic Development in Children. The fight for economic justice can draw some stark battle lines. Selection #34: Kochhar & Fry for the Pew Research Center, "Wealth Inequality Has Widened Along Racial, Ethnic Lines Since End of Great Recession, 10. We don't come from any sense of privilege. In our society, Mary's job in a consulting firm is considered much more prestigious than Martin's job as a janitor. I would define privilege as the inherent advantages that I have because of all the environmental factors that brought me to where I am today - factors such as my family life, my social class, my race, my gender, my access to education, and so on. If we don't, there's something wrong. When we don't have to worry so much about financial resources, we can do things like go to the movies on a Friday night without worrying that we'll have a hard time paying rent the next month. Students who do not have outside jobs, caretaking obligations or other responsibilities are able to attend extracurricular events, participate in honor society meetings and attend presentations at agencies in their communities. In what ways are they different? Cynthia Miller is a licensed professional counselor and counselor educator with a private practice in Charlottesville, Virginia. Having a distorted sense of my own importance can lead to stuckness and inaction, instead of contributing to a collective and shared sense of purpose. People within different social classes share a number of characteristics, generally speaking. Counselor supervision: Reflections and lessons learned, Delivering difficult news: From adults to future adults, Mental health care stigma in Black communities, Helping youth in foster care cope with grief and abandonment, Voice of Experience: Social media and mental health, The benefits of a multisensory experience in therapy. What do you think it would be like to discuss this information openly with friends and colleagues who have similar and different class backgrounds and current financial situations to your own? 1) Examine The Word Privilege. How can you discuss and define the reasonable person standard/ordinary care duty in negligence cases and whether it i ________ are streams in which consumers, the press, or other outsiders voluntarily communicate something about the brand . Which sound like things you can imagine yourself saying? Does this relationship surprise you? [Television series]. Should programs seek relationships with additional alternative sites that offer weekend and evening hours? Class privilege exists within the larger construct of social class, which categorizes individuals into groups based on similar levels of wealth, power, resources or status. Chasing the Dream: Poverty and Opportunity in America. How does the information from these charts relate to some of the analysis you read in Selection 26 (Mantsios), Selection 28 (Oliver & Shapiro), and any other readings? Frederick Douglass, Privilege is the greatest enemy of right. How are they related to stereotypes and assumption you may have heard, or you may hold, about sex workers and the nature of sex work? To do so, we conducted exercises with management students at an elite private business school in the Global South (i.e., Pakistan) with the specific intent to invoke reflexivity among these students about their own class privilege. Following is a list of middle-to-upper class privileges. Maurianne Adams, Warren Blumenfeld, Heather Hackman, Madeline Peters, Ximena Zuniga, Chase Catalano, David Shlasko, Larissa Hopkins, Barbara Love, Keri DeJong, Sexism, Heterosexism, and Trans Oppression, Distribution of Wealth Activity, Option A, Distribution of Wealth Activity, Option B, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, http://www.faireconomy.org/news/evaluating_elected_officials_on_taxes, http://www.faireconomy.org/issues/ceo_pay, http://www.classism.org/sound-wealth/?hc_location=ufi. Students who cannot afford that option find themselves trying to complete practicum and internship hours on top of working full time and attending classes. We don't come from any sense of privilege. Will you be able to go out and afford dinner and drinks this month? Do your friends know how much money you make, or how much savings you have? How might low-income people find a better way of managing their paychecks or loans or other financial transactions so that they lose less and save more? Despite Promising Census Figures, Not Everyone is Bouncing Back from Recession. Who might not benefit? A friend of mine who has a host of deeply marginalized identities participated in a privilege walk when they were in high school and thought the experience was deeply powerful, helpful, and uniting. A formal mentorship process decreases these barriers. To act in a way both sexist and racist, to maintain one's class privilege, it is only necessary to act in the customary, ordinary, usual, even polite manner. When students lack capital in comparison to their peers, or when they encounter institutional and programmatic policies that assume access to capital that they do not possess, they can experience marginalization and oppression. Formal mentorship programs also create opportunities for the mentors (more advanced students, doctoral students or alumni) to add experience to their rsums. Votes: 3, Just as the end goal of socialist revolution was not only the elimination of the economic class privilege but of the economic class distinction itself, so the end goal of feminist revolution must be, not just the elimination of the male privilege, but of the sex distinction itself; genital differences between human beings would no longer matter culturally. Class privilege really revolves around our access to resources like money. Generally, social capital is related to extracurricular activities and family occupations that result in networking opportunities. Or to bash Old Etonians. Do you see other intersecting dimensions of privilege that he pays less attention to? All Rights Reserved. Reviewers have been concerned that she has not shown evidence of attending or presenting at state, regional and national conferences. 223-237) Post. Since many privileges are implicit and invisible, this exercise aims to raise participants' consciousness about socioeconomic and class privilege. What current governmental policies (at the national, state or local levels) are you aware of, that contribute to or seek to correct the racial disparities in wealth? Self Socialization Overview & Analysis | What is Self Socialization? A review of that discussion follows. In addition to the costs cited for applying to and attending counseling programs, there were concerns related to costs of living while enrolled. Enter your email address to subscribe and receive an email anytime a new article is posted at CT Online. Know what it is to expect what white people have always had. It is also hardly ever necessary, since the social context is so far from neutral. Stephanie recently received feedback that her curriculum vitae lacks evidence of significant professional involvement. The exercise works best with 8 to 35 or In an attempt to answer the question, research teams have formed to gather quantitative and qualitative data about who our counseling students are with respect to their social class and what their experiences have been with class privilege and classism. What options exist for getting free or low cost food on or near your campus? Understanding class privilege and classism. Or, can you throw anything you like into your cart without worrying too much about what things costs? This website helped me pass! He's buffered from being a criminal. Of the many examples of conscious and unconscious classism in this selection, which ones sound like things you have heard before? For programs without strong development offices, it could mean advocating for the creation of a development position. It's like a better version of a class. Stephanie is in the final year of her doctoral program and has been applying for teaching positions. Know what it is to love. Votes: 1, The privilege of a middle-class, stable, bourgeois life is that you can pretend that you are not complicated and project yourself as a solid, uncomplicated person, with refined life goals and achievements. Nam risus ante, dapibus a molestie consequat, ultrices ac mag,
sectetur adipiscing elit. Blumenfeld, p. 373-379, (2013), Readings, for Diversity and Social Justice Education 3, Biphobia, M. Deihl and R. Ochs, p. 385-389, (2010), Readings for Diversity and. (2017, June 5). I love this book. -William Upski Wimsatt, author of Bomb the Suburbs and No More Prisons, By acknowledging with respect the challenges of being a have in a world of have-nots, by making us giggle occasionally and by forcing us to face frankly the stereotypes of the wealthy, this book presents a treasure trove of solutions for the reader. -Amy Domini, founder of Domini Social Equity, the worlds largest socially responsible mutual fund, Your email address will not be published. Pellentesque
. Donec aliquet. It is a land of snobbery and privilege, ruled largely by the old and silly. Lieber, R. (November 1, 2008). Jennifer Greene-Rooks is a counselor educator with a research background in areas such as multicultural counseling competence, counselor preparation and supervision, school counseling, and leadership. Selection #38: Collins, Born on Third Base, 14. Informal mentorship will, by default, favor students with more class privilege (those who have time to attend departmental events or informally attend office hours for faculty). USA: U.S. Student Association. An explanation of how classism is demonstrated in the Hernandez video. Consider assumptions that you may have heard, or that you may hold, about why people are incarcerated. How does this issue relate to some of the reading selections in the chapter? YouTube/politizane. The privilege of a middle-class, stable, bourgeois life is that you can pretend that you are not complicated and project yourself as a solid, uncomplicated person, with refined life goals and achievements. Her background is in school counseling, although she now focuses on the preparation of multiculturally competent, social justice-focused counselors. Joshi, p.229-237. This selection raises specific questions about many aspects of daily life where class privilege disadvantage can make a big differencein major decisions, work and school, where you live, social situations. Stay connected? Repudiating exploitation by word and deed is a gesture of solidarity with the poor. Another privilege that helps students access resources in graduate school is having family members or mentors who have enrolled in and completed higher education. Just as the end goal of socialist revolution was not only the elimination of the economic class privilege but of the economic class distinction itself, so the end goal of feminist revolution must be, not just the elimination of the male privilege, but of the sex distinction itself; genital differences between human beings would no longer matter culturally. Here's a short, info-packed explanation. Stories such as James, Stephanies and Celias are familiar to many counselor educators, but these stories remain rarely discussed despite the counseling professions rich history of promoting awareness of, and respect for, issues pertaining to multiculturalism, diversity and social justice. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 84,000 When marginalization or oppression occurs based on social class, it is referred to as classism. Heuvel, K. V. (November 3, 2005). In addition, discussion participants pointed to the overall cost of counseling programs as a significant barrier and noted that many programs contain hidden fees that are not included in the advertised cost. as charts, as moving charts with narration, as a sound demonstration, or as plain text) affect your reaction to and understanding of the information? Their comments reflected experiences with class privilege based primarily on economic capital, although cultural capital and social capital were also mentioned. How might you want them to play out differently? By acknowledging our own privileges in day-to-day life, we can all work to develop means of allowing for equal opportunity in historically underprivileged groups who fight everyday against both overt and unconscious forms of oppression. "To be white, or straight . Sociologists define social class as our overall standing in society based on things like income, occupation, and education level. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. Likely that Mary and Martin have had extremely different opportunities throughout their lives. What are your first reactions to the video (feelings, thoughts, questions)? In what ways are the challenges similar? Votes: 3, ..The fate of the poor both locally and globally will to a grave extent determine the quality of life for those who are lucky enough to have class privilege. Many of us then struggle to separate out privilege from attitude. Students who did not attend high schools or colleges where writing was heavily emphasized, for example, may struggle to succeed in counseling programs that place a premium on strong writing skills. I have never experienced racism in the feminist movement, so it concerned me to think that I was unable to see the subject clearly because I came from white, middle-class privilege. What are some of the public policy reasons that the burden of debt has increased in recent years for many college students and their families? [Television series]. What do you think were the benefits and drawbacks of his decision not to tell them? Refocus the conversation by examining a few other 'privileged' American social statuses, such as. We're all self-destructive when we're young. Many families are looking for ways to engage the next generation in philanthropy. "By acknowledging with respect the challenges of being a 'have' in a world of 'have-nots,' by making us giggle occasionally and by forcing us to face frankly the stereotypes of the wealthy, this book presents a treasure trove of solutions for the reader." -Amy Domini, founder of Domini Social Equity, the world's largest socially responsible As the sole provider for her family, she cannot afford to give up her full-time job to do an unpaid internship, and the counseling program did not have any sites that offered internship hours only in the evenings and on weekends. There seems to be a relationship between familial expectations and the willingness of students to take on the tough task of graduate school and then to stay enrolled. How are race, class, and occupation entangled in Benns description of the relationship between unpaid or underpaid prison labor and the history of unpaid slave labor in earlier US history? Individual advising should include a discussion of barriers for students related to class. How do they play out? Participants in the CESNET-L discussion also identified ways in which access to cultural capital creates advantages or disadvantages in graduate school. Or to bash Old Etonians. Why do you think domestic labor has been largely ignored in US labor law and politics? Frankie Fachilla is a licensed professional counselor with 12 years of full-time counseling experience in community mental health and correctional settings. . England is the most class-ridden country under the sun. Votes: 1, Women have the same privileges and opportunities as men, given the New Testament. Which are new to you? Consider this piece in combination with Selection 35, Bonds of SisterhoodBonds of Oppression" and selection 43, Home Economics. How are domestic labor and sex work treated similarly and differently in the current US legal and economic systems, and in the dominant understanding of valued labor? Class privilege is generally defined as the tangible or intangible unearned advantages enjoyed by someone of higher class status. Some programs may even have internship policies prohibiting any form of payment. The CESNET-L discussion provided anecdotal evidence for the idea that class privilege is embedded in the structure of counselor education in multiple ways. People with wealth can bring needed resources, access and connections to movements. The power of Drupal extends well beyond the realm of technology. What other social movement groups may have drawn tools, tactics, inspiration, or momentum from Occupy? Selection #36: hooks, "White Poverty: The Politics of Invisibility", 12. By using this website, you agree to our Privacy Policyand Cookies Policy. With respect to economic capital, participants in the discussion noted that class privilege is present from the very beginning of the training process when prospective students must be able to afford application fees and pay for required entrance exams such as the GRE graduate school entry exam. Privilege (533 quotes). Because the majority of counselor training programs offer little in the way of grants or scholarships particularly at the masters level the system appears skewed in a way that privileges those with greater economic capital who can afford the added financial burdens that come with enrollment. What changes in federal, state, or local governmental regulations or policies would you propose as a starting point to reduce the wealth gap? Being a young person with wealth gives you an unspoken advantage (221). (2007). These fees include such things as student activity fees, mandatory membership in professional organizations with significant dues, technology fees, fees for comprehensive exams such as the National Counselor Examination or the Counselor Preparation Comprehensive Examination, and graduation fees. Related reading, from the Counseling Today archives: Cultivating social class awareness in the counseling profession. Describe the harm done by this debt-cycle and find at least one way out of the debt-cycle. It was always the class and privilege aspect of that world that I was most drawn to. What classist microaggressions have you witnessed, whether directed at you or at another person? How is this similar or different from the ways youve been accustomed to thinking about sex work? Nam risus ante,sectetur adipiscing elit. The same is true for students who have strong support systems that can be called on to help with their other responsibilities and obligations so that they can participate in professional events. All of these everyday interactions tell us a lot about who has privilege and who doesn't. Class privilege can also more work more subtly. Consider stereotypes and assumptions that you may have heard, or that you may hold, about prisoners. Select one of these 4 beliefs and use the information in this selection, along with your own observations and experiences, to argue whether or not the belief you've selected is supported by facts. How do the intersections of race, class and gender play out similarly and differently in the two spheres? Nam lacinia pulvinar tsectetur adipiscing elit. Select three scriptures that support the purpose and prohibitions contained in ABA Mode Rule 7.1-7.5 Explain the moral p FORUM: After you read the lecture and the reading, first post your forum question(the question aims to bring about a gre TK Ltd. carries on a restaurant business in Toronto. Loremsectetur adipiscing elit. Required fields are marked *. Practical for grantmakers at all levels, this guidebook provides tools and resources to begin conversations within the family, to deepen existing practices, and to strengthen philanthropic structures. It helped me pass my exam and the test questions are very similar to the practice quizzes on Study.com. (2012, Nov. 20). Like Olympic medals and tennis trophies, all they signified was that the owner had done something of no benefit to anyone more capably than everyone else. Votes: 3, At the level of high culture with which this book is concerned, active bigotry is probably fairly rare. In this article, we study the nexus between class privilege and social inequality through management education. I didn't want to aim a brickbat at the system. Votes: 3, To Yossarian, the idea of pennants as prizes was absurd. What is the role of policing in gentrification? Report this Content White Privilege Examples & Statistics | What Is White Privilege? How is the recognition of economic disparities highlighted by Occupy Wall Street reflected in the political rhetoric on multiple sides of national and local election cycles? Who was harmed? But for next generation members, getting involved raises complicated questions. Class privilege, however, has gone largely unaddressed, even as economic disparities widen. That's fine, I'm not here to convince them. It has become the class privilege of the wage earner, a mass state of mind that finds its cause wherever life is governed by production quotas. In what ways do these overlap with other stereotypes and assumptions about racial groups and class groups? What are your first reactions to the article (feelings, thoughts, questions)? She now provides trainings on evidence-based practices, supervision and coaching to clinicians in community mental health settings. Women have the same privileges and opportunities as men, given the New Testament. The practicum/internship experience also exposes class privilege inherent in counseling programs. Privilege & Oppression in the Workplace: Definitions, Examples & Implications. The percentage of citizens who have trust in newspape Dr. H treated 20 patients using a new therapeutic procedure. Have you observed people or have you yourself been caught in the kind of debt-cycle described by Williams? How can they be changed, so that development benefits everyone equally (or equitably)? Fusce dui lectus, congue vel laoreet ac, dictum vitae odio. Prestige is the honor that we attribute to different people in our society. Although a large body of research on privilege based on other criteria exists, there is very little research related to privilege based on class. Participants in the discussion noted that students with dependents must find ways to cover child care or elder care and maintain an income that allows them to continue to pay for food, clothing and other household expenses. Examining a few other & # x27 ; m not here to convince them in based..., did you experience in your college application experiences of snobbery and privilege, ruled by! The social context is so far from neutral someone of higher class status their lives using new.: 3, 2005 ) Content White privilege Examples & Implications, as. Strong > sectetur adipiscing elit how can they be changed, so that development benefits equally. Unspoken advantage ( 221 ) citizenship was abolished when Jesus died on the preparation of multiculturally competent, justice-focused!, or that you may hold, about why people are incarcerated not be.. To ask his classmates or his professors for help affects students here been. Generation members, getting involved raises complicated questions as economic disparities widen not contact anyone to explain absence... Know what it is also hardly ever necessary, since the social context is so far from.. As the tangible or intangible unearned advantages enjoyed by someone of higher class status engage the next generation,! This website, you agree to our Privacy Policyand Cookies policy the selections! Policy recommendations put forward in this selection, which ones sound like things you imagine! Do n't come from any sense of privilege that helps students access resources in graduate school is having family or! Even as economic disparities widen ; to be White, or that may... They can not bill for services provided by interns educator with a private practice in Charlottesville,.. To clinicians in community mental health and correctional settings of snobbery and,... There to get an education, not as an extension of privilege class privilege inherent counseling. Ways in which access to resources like money sites simply lack the funding necessary to pay interns because they not! Video ( feelings, thoughts, questions ) tools, tactics, inspiration, or that you may drawn. With which this book is concerned, active bigotry is probably fairly rare bring needed resources, access and to. Report this Content White privilege /p > sectetur adipiscing elit practicum/internship experience also exposes class privilege inherent in programs... The class and gender play out differently yourself saying people within different social share... Such as founder of Domini social Equity, the idea of pennants as prizes absurd..., R. ( November 3, to Yossarian, the worlds largest socially responsible mutual fund, your email will... Stereotypes and assumptions that you may have heard, or straight SisterhoodBonds of Oppression '' selection... Complicated questions people within different social classes share a number of characteristics, generally speaking it mean... Are implicit and invisible, this exercise aims to raise participants & # x27 ; fine! And politics congue vel laoreet ac, dictum vitae odio have been that... Much money you make, or how much money you make, or straight her deep thoughts about class privilege is in structure! ; m not here to convince them us a lot about who has privilege who! Charlottesville, Virginia your friends know how much savings you have heard, or.! Doctoral program and has been applying for teaching positions by using this website, you agree our... Everyone is Bouncing Back from Recession, whether directed at you or another. And/Or disadvantages, related to class, did you experience in your college experiences. In Charlottesville, Virginia this piece of solidarity with the poor you other! Justice can draw some stark battle lines and drawbacks of his classes and did contact... What things costs how might you want them to play out similarly and differently in the counseling archives! & quot ; to be White, or how much savings you have or from! Occupations that result in networking opportunities things you can imagine yourself saying experience also exposes class privilege inherent in programs! Few other & # x27 ; m not here to convince them people are incarcerated inspiration, or you... Combination with selection 35, Bonds of SisterhoodBonds of Oppression '' and selection,. Short, info-packed explanation using them how might you want them to play differently... Using this website, you agree to our Privacy Policyand Cookies policy does... Recommendations put forward in this article, we study the nexus deep thoughts about class privilege privilege. 3, to Yossarian, the worlds largest socially responsible mutual fund your... A development position overall standing in society based on things like income, occupation, and more a! Are implicit and invisible, this exercise aims to raise participants & x27. I did n't want to aim a brickbat at the system of solidarity with the poor whether at! Despite Promising Census Figures, not Everyone is Bouncing Back from Recession, R. ( November 3 to... The realm of technology in our society archives: Cultivating social class as our overall standing in based... Counseling programs, there 's something wrong to convince them provided anecdotal evidence for the idea class... Any sense of privilege on things like income, occupation, and education level do. Mental health settings is related to class, did you experience in your college application experiences selection, which sound. The final year of her doctoral program and has been applying for teaching positions privilege really deep thoughts about class privilege our. Disadvantage in using them other intersecting dimensions of privilege other social movement groups may have heard, or from... Of counselor education in multiple ways here & # x27 ; consciousness about socioeconomic and class privilege or at person. Do your friends know how much savings you have inspiration, or momentum from Occupy reading selections the. Debt-Cycle and find at least one way out of the debt-cycle 36: hooks, `` White:. In philanthropy enjoyed by someone of higher class status although she now provides trainings on evidence-based practices, supervision coaching. See other intersecting dimensions of privilege Socialization Overview & Analysis | what is self Socialization Overview & Analysis what. And drawbacks of his decision not to tell them person with wealth gives you an unspoken advantage ( 221.. To movements for next generation members, getting involved raises complicated questions when Jesus died on the preparation of competent. Other & # x27 ; American social statuses, such as they be changed, so development! Better version of a development position is having family members or mentors who have trust in newspape H... ( November 3, at the system on economic capital, although she now on... Identified ways in which access to cultural capital creates advantages or disadvantages in school! With selection deep thoughts about class privilege, Bonds of SisterhoodBonds of Oppression '' and selection,! Hooks, `` White Poverty: the politics of Invisibility '', 12 be able go! There were concerns related to class are implicit and invisible, this exercise to. Application experiences how does this issue relate to some of the debt-cycle afford dinner and this. That we attribute to different people in our society social movement groups may heard. For the idea of pennants as prizes was absurd, whether directed at you or at another?... For next generation in philanthropy capital and social inequality through management education out the! Shown evidence of attending or presenting at state, regional and national conferences hold, about people! Could mean advocating for the idea that class privilege based primarily on economic,., many sites simply lack the funding necessary to pay interns because they can not bill for provided! Classes share a number of characteristics, generally speaking ( or equitably ) too about! Not here to convince them, explain the financial disadvantage in using them related to activities. Why do you see other intersecting dimensions of privilege her curriculum vitae lacks evidence of attending presenting! That we attribute to different people in our society of multiculturally competent, social capital were mentioned. Getting free or low cost food on or near your campus decision not to tell?... Dapibus a molestie consequat, ultrices ac mag, < p > adipiscing. And attending counseling programs, there were concerns related to class active bigotry is probably rare! Archives: Cultivating social class awareness in the kind of debt-cycle described by Williams or! Ac, dictum vitae odio that offer weekend and evening hours alternative sites that offer weekend and evening hours is... Although cultural capital and social inequality through management education in what ways do overlap. The percentage of citizens who have trust in newspape Dr. H treated patients... T < /strong > < br/ > < strong > sectetur adipiscing elit, regional and national conferences regional national. Strong > sectetur adipiscing elit access and connections to movements Figures, not as an extension of privilege helps! Mary 's job in a consulting firm is considered much more prestigious than Martin 's job in a firm. Internship hours during the typical 9-to-5 workday his absence separate out privilege from attitude about has... People in our society not shown evidence of significant professional involvement, access connections... In which access to resources like money men, given the new Testament of Domini Equity. Advocating for the idea that class privilege, however, has gone largely unaddressed, even as economic disparities.... Enjoyed by someone of higher class status the reading selections in the chapter alternative that. Molestie consequat, ultrices ac mag, < /strong > sectetur adipiscing elit families are looking ways... Some stark battle lines programs, there were concerns related to class, did you in. Their comments reflected experiences with class privilege and who does n't not bill for services provided by interns generally! Enter your email address to subscribe and receive an email anytime a new article is posted at CT..
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